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Massachusetts 2035 · 02 / 10

Housing

You will buy a home for 1/2 of today's price

The moonshot

The Manhattan Project of Housing

Make homes dramatically cheaper to produce. Bring Massachusetts builders, manufacturers, researchers, and communities together so people can buy a home for half of what an equivalent home costs today.

A storybook Massachusetts town with taller apartments, active Main Street shops, and factory-built homes

The opportunity

A picture of 2035

A teacher in Lowell picks up the keys to a new factory-built home. Her mortgage leaves room for groceries, savings, and a family. Across the street, apprentices are helping build the next block.

Better in three dimensions

Every initiative has the same test: improve quality, lower prices, and reach more people.

Quality
A better experience, with safer, more reliable results.
Affordability
Lower prices and more value for the money you spend.
Access
More people can use it, wherever they live and whatever their circumstances.

What we can build on

UMass Lowell's BuildSmart Housing Innovation TechHub is already bringing together research, manufacturing, policy, and community partners to make housing more affordable. Build on that effort to make Massachusetts a mecca for building homes at factory scale, drawing on Massachusetts universities, construction talent, modular builders, and suitable public land. 10

The gap to close

A cheaper wall panel does not automatically produce a cheaper home. Land, utilities, financing, approvals, and resale terms can absorb every construction saving. The target must be the price a household actually pays.

The work starts here.

Top three key initiatives

Builders add apartments above shops and near a transit stop in a Massachusetts neighborhood01

Go vertical and horizontal

Give every Massachusetts community a way to grow upward. That can mean adding a floor above a shop, creating apartments over existing buildings, or building taller residential blocks near jobs and transportation. Match the scale to local infrastructure and expand water, sewer, utilities, public space, and transportation capacity alongside new homes. Open appropriate public land through competitive leases, sales, and partnerships so more people can live in places they want to call home.

Make a high quality of life possible in more places across the Commonwealth. Use autonomous vehicles, future Boring-style vehicle tunnels, and regional mobility to bring homes in smaller cities, suburbs, and rural towns within easier reach of jobs, healthcare, education, and one another. Home pickup can make communities beyond fixed transit lines more accessible. Expand people's choices about where to live without requiring them to give up opportunity or spend more of their lives commuting.

Coordinate new housing with transportation that can actually serve it. Start with compact neighborhoods around existing town centers and available infrastructure, while keeping everyday shops, services, and gathering places close to home. Demonstrate dependable door-to-door service, accessible vehicles, travel times, and affordable fares before relying on new mobility to support larger housing commitments. Autonomy should spread access and opportunity; its proposed benefits still need to be delivered and measured.

Create preapproved building designs that communities can adopt so successful projects can be repeated across Massachusetts. Coordinate state reviews through a Housing Production Office and propose a 120-day decision standard for complete, qualifying applications. Establish the necessary legal authority and give builders clear requirements and predictable timelines. Reward towns when homes are occupied.

A lively New England Main Street with residents upstairs and shops, cafes, and workplaces at street level02

Reinvent Main Street USA in every town in Massachusetts

Reinvent Main Street USA in every town in Massachusetts. Bring people back to live downtown in apartments and homes above ground-floor retail and commercial space. Fill the street with cafes, shops, small offices, workshops, groceries, and places to gather. Reuse vacant storefronts, upper floors, and suitable parking lots so everyday needs are within an easy walk.

Build downtowns where people want to spend time. Pair new homes with trees, comfortable sidewalks, public squares, shared workspaces, and room for music, food, and local events. Connect town centers to one another through autonomous travel, while keeping the places people use every day close to home. Test improvements with residents and local businesses, then repeat what works in other communities.

Help every town identify what it can become exceptionally good at, then align housing, infrastructure, workforce development, and business recruitment around that strength. Communities should compete to attract residents and bigger businesses while helping their region grow. Andover, Lawrence, and Chelmsford should all want Lowell's housing industry to succeed because its jobs, suppliers, and opportunities would benefit the entire Merrimack Valley. Other towns can develop complementary specialties. Methuen could explore parking garages, charging, maintenance, and service facilities for future autonomous vehicle fleets from companies such as Tesla or Waymo, serving Lowell and Boston. Each town should have a clear answer to why people would choose to live there, why businesses would invest there, and how its success helps the region. These are opportunities to pursue with prospective operators, subject to the approvals needed for service.

Modular homes built by craftspeople in a Massachusetts factory03

Experiment from first principles: get back to basics and start from scratch

Start with the basics: people need safe, comfortable homes they can afford, in places where they can build a good life. Work backward from that need instead of accepting today's rules, costs, and construction methods as fixed. Question each assumption, test alternatives, and scale what delivers better homes at lower prices.

Treat housing rules like zero-based budgeting: start from zero. Scrap the existing zoning framework and rebuild it from first principles, instead of carrying the old restrictions forward and making exceptions around the edges. Require every restriction to justify its place against the homes people need, the cost it adds, and the public benefit it delivers. Write a new, plain-language framework for apartments, homes above shops, accessory homes, and new neighborhoods, with a clear path from an application to a completed home.

Adopt objective standards and predictable decisions for projects that meet the new rules, instead of reopening the same debate one building at a time. Bring residents into setting the plan, then follow it. Pair the rewrite with water, sewer, schools, streets, and public spaces; retain building-safety and environmental protections. Pursue the legislative and local approvals needed to replace the old rules, and judge success by homes completed, approval time, and the price people actually pay.

Build a statewide factory-built housing ecosystem, with UMass Lowell’s BuildSmart Housing Innovation TechHub as one foundation. Connect builders, manufacturers, researchers, entrepreneurs, and tradespeople across Massachusetts. Give them shared equipment and demonstration sites to develop better materials, robotics, modular construction, and repeatable designs, then turn those breakthroughs into factories delivering homes people can afford. 10

Convert empty offices into homes as another practical experiment. Test suitable buildings for workable floor plans, daylight, ventilation, utilities, and renovation costs. Start with a small set of conversions, publish the results, and scale the approaches that create good homes at a lower total price. Keep the proposed 5,000 conversion homes by 2030 as a measurable target rather than assuming every office can be converted economically.

Make the final purchase price the test of success. Publish land, site work, utilities, construction, financing, fees, and developer margin, alongside any public subsidy or resale restriction. Compare completed homes with equivalent 2026 local homes in constant dollars. The goal is a home a household can buy for half the price.

The supporting work

Fund infrastructure and reward homes delivered

Tie infrastructure grants to completed homes, with school, water, sewer, and street capacity planned alongside growth. Support communities putting the new housing rules into practice and publish the homes delivered for each investment.

Turn empty offices into homes statewide

Target 5,000 conversion homes by 2030. Screen buildings for workable layouts and renovation costs before committing public money.

Modernize building rules without compromising safety

Evaluate single-stair designs, small-lot subdivisions, and parking reforms with fire officials and building professionals. Adopt changes where evidence supports safe, less expensive homes.

Open faith-owned and nonprofit land

Create a Yes In God's Backyard pathway, with predevelopment help for congregations and nonprofits that want homes on underused land. Make local participation practical and transparent.

Launch First Home Commonwealth

Help teachers, nurses, tradespeople, and first-time buyers access the new supply. Pair assistance with production and durable affordability so public dollars do not simply bid up existing homes.

The path to 2035

Proposed milestones. Expand against evidence, delivery, and public value.

  1. 2027

    Establish the baseline

    Publish comparable local home prices and the full cost model. Build on UMass Lowell BuildSmart to select demonstration sites, develop repeatable designs, propose the permit clock, and procure the first factory-built homes. Work with neighboring towns on their economic strengths and show the public contribution per home.

  2. 2029

    Prove the production model

    Verify construction-cost reductions in occupied homes. Expand only the designs that pass inspections and lower the final price. Aim to restore a production pace above 20,000 permits a year.

  3. 2031

    Make affordability repeatable

    Scale factories, conversions, and public-land partnerships across multiple regions. Publish operating costs, household affordability, and repeat orders, alongside progress toward the 222,000-home ambition.

  4. 2035

    Deliver the half-price home

    Target a scalable class of starter homes priced at half the cost of comparable 2026 local homes in real terms. Pursue 222,000 additional homes over the 2024-2035 planning period, with supply keeping up with population growth.

Questions & answers

What does a home for half the price mean?

The production moonshot is a new, comparable starter home with a final purchase price at half the 2026 local baseline in real terms. An equivalent home that costs $1 million at the baseline would target a $500,000 purchase price. Publish the geography, size, quality, subsidy, and ownership terms so progress can be checked. This is a production goal, not a forecast for every existing property's value.

Will faster permitting overwhelm towns?

Put new homes where infrastructure can support them, and fund added capacity where it cannot. Towns should shape design and growth while meeting clear production obligations. Resolve legal authority openly through legislation and rulemaking.

What if a modular builder fails?

Use multiple suppliers, staged commitments, independent inspections, warranties, and completion security. Do not prepay an entire factory on the strength of a rendering. A public land contribution is a real cost and belongs on the scorecard.

Show the results.

The public scorecard

These are the measures we would publish to judge progress.

  • Fully loaded price versus comparable 2026 homes
  • Subsidy per home
  • Completions
  • Approval time
  • Housing costs as a share of household income

Sources & context

Plans and proposals are distinguished from existing activity. Source notes include relevant dates and context.

  1. [10] UMass Lowell: BuildSmart Housing Innovation TechHub

    Existing UMass Lowell-led effort focused on housing innovation, manufacturing, policy, financing, and testing. Expanding it into the factory-scale housing mission described here is a proposal.

The team

Announcing in 2028

We’ll unveil the housing team lead and support team in 2028.

  1. Team lead — to be announced in 2028

  2. Support team member 1 — to be announced in 2028

  3. Support team member 2 — to be announced in 2028

  4. Support team member 3 — to be announced in 2028

North End ×South End ×Back Bay ×Beacon Hill ×Fenway ×Kenmore ×Southie ×Dorchester ×Roxbury ×Jamaica Plain ×Allston ×Brighton ×Charlestown ×Somerville ×Davis Square ×Cambridge ×Harvard Sq ×MIT ×Seaport ×West End ×Mission Hill ×Brookline ×Andover ×North End ×South End ×Back Bay ×Beacon Hill ×Fenway ×Kenmore ×Southie ×Dorchester ×Roxbury ×Jamaica Plain ×Allston ×Brighton ×Charlestown ×Somerville ×Davis Square ×Cambridge ×Harvard Sq ×MIT ×Seaport ×West End ×Mission Hill ×Brookline ×Andover ×
Housing — Massachusetts 2035 | Durkin