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Massachusetts 2035 · 01 / 10

Transportation

You will have a sub-15-min commute

The moonshot

Build the 3D Transportation Grid

Build a 3D transportation grid across Massachusetts: autonomous vehicles everywhere, a statewide network of vehicle tunnels for hyperspeed, and drone passenger flight via local airports. The goal is better journeys, lower fares, and access from your front door—connecting cities and towns across the Commonwealth.

Future Boston at street level with people, humanoid robots, new housing, Cybercabs, Robovans, passenger drones, and vehicle tunnels connecting five Massachusetts cities

The opportunity

A picture of 2035

You step out of your home and your ride is waiting. You can talk with your family, take a call, work, or simply have a quiet space to yourself. The same vehicle can use a surface street and a tunnel before taking you to your destination. You spend less money and more of your day living.

That is the experience we want to build across Boston, Worcester, Lowell, Springfield, Pittsfield, Fall River, and the towns between them. Neighborhood pickups, autonomous buses, underground corridors, and regional-airport connections should make more of the Commonwealth reachable.

Better in three dimensions

Autonomous travel should improve the experience, lower the price, and bring more people within reach.

Quality
Your own comfortable space to talk with family, take a work call, or relax. Make the whole journey better, with dependable pickups, fewer transfers, and more time back in your day.
Affordability
Use driverless operation to lower the cost of a ride and pass those savings on as lower fares. Greater affordability means people pay less; judge success by the total fare riders actually pay.
Access
The vehicle comes to your house, so you do not have to walk, bike, or drive to a T stop or train station first. Reach more households with accessible vehicles, convenient booking, and service beyond city centers.

What we can build on

MassDOT has an established process for automated-driving tests, including applications, testing plans, and agreements with participating jurisdictions. This gives Massachusetts a starting point for controlled pilots. It is not blanket approval for commercial driverless service. 1

The gap to close

A statewide autonomous fleet, high-speed tunnel network, and 15-minute Springfield-Boston trip remain ambitions. Fleet safety, winter performance, tunnel costs, passenger capacity, aircraft capability, and door-to-door travel time must be demonstrated.

The work starts here.

Top three key initiatives

A walkable Massachusetts neighborhood served by shared autonomous cars and buses01

Deploy autonomous vehicles everywhere

Make Massachusetts a serious deployment partner for autonomous cars, private Tesla Cybercabs, Waymo, accessible autonomous buses, and other qualified operators. Build toward pickup at your home and drop-off at your destination, without requiring a separate walk, drive, or bike ride to a hub. Direct more new transportation investment toward flexible autonomous mobility, charging, and supporting infrastructure. Keep existing transportation safe and reliable during the transition.

Give riders a choice: a private Cybercab with a comfortable cabin for conversations, work calls, family travel, or relaxation; or an autonomous bus for shared trips. Use Tesla's announced Robovan design, with space for up to 20 people, as one model for the buses. Evaluate vehicles as they become available and approved for the proposed service. Measure comfort, cleanliness, safety, reliability, and door-to-door time alongside passenger capacity. 15

Removing the need for a driver in every vehicle could lower operating costs. The job is to turn that potential into lower fares through competition and clear service requirements. Publish same-route, same-time comparisons with human-driven ride services, including fees and any subsidy. Today’s operator prices vary; a cheaper operating model does not automatically mean a cheaper ride. 13 14

Test quality, affordability, and access in a 90-day pilot: door-to-door pickup, your own comfortable space in a private ride, and lower fares. Start with three visible moves: a controlled autonomous express-lane test on I-93; a bounded Seaport street pilot; and an open invitation for mayors and city councilors in Everett, Methuen, and other willing communities to host service. Judge each operator on the system it actually deploys.

Access has to be designed into the service: wheelchair-accessible vehicles, help for riders who need it, phone booking alongside apps, reasonable waits outside the busiest neighborhoods, and safe pickup locations close to home. These are deployment requirements to work toward, not features we assume every current fleet already offers. 13

Autonomous buses and cars travel through vehicle tunnels connected to surface streets by ramps02

Build a statewide vehicle-tunnel network for hyperspeed

Invite The Boring Company and competing tunneling firms to design a Massachusetts network for autonomous electric vehicles, with an expansion framework for willing New England states. The long-term ambition is direct, very fast travel between population and employment centers. Plan for Boston, Worcester, Lowell, Springfield, Pittsfield, Fall River, and connecting communities. Cars and autonomous buses should enter and leave through gradual ramps so the network connects directly to ordinary streets.

Begin with a short Boring-style vehicle-tunnel corridor selected through geology, utility, flood, emergency-access, demand, and cost studies. Demonstrate safe speed and passenger throughput before expansion. Explore Hyperloop technology through a separate experimental program, testing its technical feasibility, safety, costs, and passenger experience. A Loop-style vehicle tunnel carries electric vehicles; a low-pressure Hyperloop is a different system whose claimed speeds cannot be applied to ordinary vehicle tunnels. 3

Passenger aircraft connect a Massachusetts regional airport with Boston and nearby towns03

Launch drone passenger flights through a connected airport network

Use municipal and regional airports for drone logistics, medical transport, and passenger-aircraft trials. Invite Springfield-area airports, Worcester, Hanscom, the Cape, and other willing hosts to assess routes with MassDOT Aeronautics, airport operators, and the FAA.

Make Springfield-to-Boston in 15 minutes the research challenge. Start with feasible routes and publish air time separately from ground transfers, boarding, and waits. Passenger operations require suitable aircraft and operating approvals; a cargo-drone trial is not permission to carry people. 4

The supporting work

I-93 first: a controlled express-lane experiment

Have MassDOT assess a defined I-93 managed-lane segment, including emergency access and effects on bus passengers. Run a 90-day operating trial after approvals and readiness checks. Report passenger travel time, occupancy, crashes, interventions, and total lane throughput.

Seaport next: make the street pilot visible

Invite Waymo, Tesla, and other qualified operators to propose geofenced Seaport service. Test busy crossings, construction, loading zones, weather, and accessible pickup. Supervised consumer driving software is not a driverless operating system. 2

Let towns say: we want autonomous vehicles here

Ask mayors and councils in Everett, Methuen, and other interested communities to designate pickup areas and potential fleet hubs. Link service to local shops, hospitals, employers, and housing so the economic activity spreads beyond Boston.

Build the garages and connections that make it work

Invite privately financed Tesla and other fleet charging, storage, and maintenance garages. Prefer interoperable infrastructure and efficient land use. Coordinate with housing, utility capacity, and last-mile connections; measure jobs and local spending rather than assuming growth.

One accountable owner and one investment test

Create an Office of New Mobility inside MassDOT. Compare autonomous corridors and major rail proposals on cost per passenger, capacity, reliability, access, and time saved. Publish public liabilities for tunnels and fleets; private construction does not make public exposure disappear.

The path to 2035

Proposed milestones. Expand against evidence, delivery, and public value.

  1. 2027

    Put the first tests on the map

    Prepare I-93 and Seaport pilots, recruit willing municipalities, and publish operator requirements. Commission the first tunnel feasibility study and a regional-airport route assessment with clear technical and financial gates.

  2. 2029

    Earn the right to expand

    Expand ground service where independently reviewed results support it. Select a first tunnel for construction only after permits and financing. Begin suitable aviation demonstrations as approvals allow, reporting real trip times and fares.

  3. 2031

    Connect more communities

    Join proven ground-service districts and fleet hubs across Greater Boston and participating cities. Operate a first tunnel segment if it passes commissioning. Grow airport connections where reliability, noise, and demand support service.

  4. 2035

    Make three-dimensional travel practical

    Aim for a substantial Massachusetts network with a route to wider New England participation. Reduce measured door-to-door commutes and expand access to jobs. Continue the 15-minute Springfield-Boston challenge without representing it as a guaranteed statewide journey time.

Questions & answers

Why plan around cars instead of building more trains?

Road vehicles can connect origins and destinations beyond fixed rails. That flexibility should drive the new investment agenda. But an empty robotaxi still takes road space, and busy rail corridors carry many passengers. Compare passenger capacity and full cost; keep essential existing service working as new options prove themselves.

Can today's air taxis deliver Springfield to Boston in 15 minutes?

That has not been demonstrated. For an illustrative 90-mile flight, 15 minutes requires a 360 mph average before boarding or ground transfers. Joby advertises up to 200 mph; at that speed the same illustrative distance alone takes 27 minutes. Treat 15 minutes as an engineering moonshot, and verify the actual airport route. 5

What if autonomy, tunnel economics, or demand disappoint?

Plan infrastructure for eventual full autonomy while supporting mixed traffic for as long as needed. Fund staged tests, competitive operators, accessible service, and expansion gates. Test winter conditions and empty vehicle miles. Tunnel bids must include stations, land, evacuation, flood protection, maintenance, and insurance, not just boring costs.

Show the results.

The public scorecard

These are the measures we would publish to judge progress.

  • Quality: door-to-door time, pickup waits, reliability, rider experience, and safety by operating conditions
  • Affordability: all-in fares for comparable trips, cost per passenger, and public subsidy per ride
  • Access: households served, rural and suburban coverage, accessible-vehicle availability, and pickup waits across neighborhoods
  • Passenger throughput and occupancy
  • Empty vehicle miles
  • All-in public cost and liability

Sources & context

Plans and proposals are distinguished from existing activity. Source notes include relevant dates and context.

  1. [1] MassDOT: Testing automated driving systems in Massachusetts

    Existing test-approval process, testing plans, and agreements with participating jurisdictions. Testing approval should not be presented as blanket commercial deployment authority.

  2. [2] Tesla: Full Self-Driving (Supervised) trial

    Tesla states that this consumer feature requires supervision and does not make the vehicle autonomous. A driverless fleet proposal must be evaluated separately.

  3. [3] The Boring Company: Loop

    Operator description of an electric-vehicle tunnel system. Advertised future speed and network capacity are not evidence of a Massachusetts corridor's achieved performance.

  4. [4] FAA: Advanced Air Mobility

    Aircraft, pilot, operator, and airspace requirements remain relevant to passenger-aircraft proposals. Existing airport infrastructure is a starting point, not automatic authorization.

  5. [5] Joby Aviation: Technology

    Advertised aircraft speed is up to 200 mph. The illustrative 90-mile calculation in Transportation is arithmetic, not a surveyed route or a scheduled service.

  6. [13] Tesla: Robotaxi support

    Reviewed September 23, 2026. Tesla displays a fare estimate before booking and says introductory pricing can change. Service areas, pickup locations, rider eligibility and accessible options have limits; universal door-to-door access is a goal of this plan.

  7. [14] Waymo: Trip pricing

    Reviewed September 23, 2026. Fares depend on factors including trip distance, time, demand, fees and promotions. Compare actual fares for equivalent journeys; this plan does not assume a universal current price advantage.

  8. [15] Tesla: Q3 2024 update — Robovan capacity

    Tesla’s October 2024 presentation describes Robovan as designed for autonomy with space for up to 20 people. This is the announced design capacity; vehicle availability, service approvals, and real-world performance must be evaluated for any Massachusetts pilot.

The team

Announcing in 2028

We’ll unveil the transportation team lead and support team in 2028.

  1. Team lead — to be announced in 2028

  2. Support team member 1 — to be announced in 2028

  3. Support team member 2 — to be announced in 2028

  4. Support team member 3 — to be announced in 2028

North End ×South End ×Back Bay ×Beacon Hill ×Fenway ×Kenmore ×Southie ×Dorchester ×Roxbury ×Jamaica Plain ×Allston ×Brighton ×Charlestown ×Somerville ×Davis Square ×Cambridge ×Harvard Sq ×MIT ×Seaport ×West End ×Mission Hill ×Brookline ×Andover ×North End ×South End ×Back Bay ×Beacon Hill ×Fenway ×Kenmore ×Southie ×Dorchester ×Roxbury ×Jamaica Plain ×Allston ×Brighton ×Charlestown ×Somerville ×Davis Square ×Cambridge ×Harvard Sq ×MIT ×Seaport ×West End ×Mission Hill ×Brookline ×Andover ×
Transportation — Massachusetts 2035 | Durkin